VAR-001 IVA
Mercury IVA spacesuit photograph

Mercury IVA

NASA · B.F. Goodrich
1959–1963
Pressure
3.7 psi / 25.5 kPa
System mass
22 lb
Life support
Vehicle provided
EVA duration
N/A

"Even a simple IVA suit needs water survival and cockpit visibility contingencies"

View Full Archive →
VAR-004 IEVA
Gemini G4C + VCM spacesuit photograph

Gemini G4C + VCM

NASA · David Clark + AiResearch
1964–1965
Pressure
3.7 psi / 25.5 kPa
System mass
41.75 lb (system)
Life support
VCM umbilical / vehicle-fed purge
EVA duration
N/A

"Suit performance cannot be separated from translation aids and workload planning"

View Full Archive →
VAR-008 IEVA
Apollo A7L + PLSS-6 spacesuit photograph

Apollo A7L + PLSS-6

NASA · ILC Industries + Hamilton Standard
1966–1971
Pressure
3.7 psi / 25.5 kPa
System mass
201 lb (system)
Life support
PLSS-6 nominal 6 hr
EVA duration
6 hours

"Lunar EVA required not just survival but sustained human work capability"

View Full Archive →
VAR-009 IEVA
Apollo A7LB + PLSS-7 spacesuit photograph

Apollo A7LB + PLSS-7

NASA · ILC Industries + Hamilton Standard
1968–1975
Pressure
3.7 psi / 25.5 kPa
System mass
212 lb (system)
Life support
PLSS-7 nominal 7 hr
EVA duration
7 hours

"Endurance and traversal demands exposed the need for mobility, dust robustness, and rover integration"

View Full Archive →
VAR-012 EVA
Shuttle Baseline EMU spacesuit photograph

Shuttle Baseline EMU

NASA · Hamilton Standard + ILC
1976–2002
Pressure
4.3 psi / 29.6 kPa
System mass
254 lb (system)
Life support
PLSS nominal 8 hr
EVA duration
8 hours

"Dedicated EVA architecture dramatically improved work efficiency vs IEVA"

View Full Archive →
VAR-015 EVA

Enhanced EMU

NASA · Hamilton Sundstrand + ILC
1990–present
Pressure
4.3 psi / 29.6 kPa
System mass
309 lb (system)
Life support
PLSS 8 hr; regenerative CO2 removal
EVA duration
8 hours

"Long-life EVA programs shift from design problems to sustainment, anomaly and industrial-base problems"

View Full Archive →
VAR-018 EVA

AxEMU

NASA + Axiom Space · Axiom Space
2022–
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Commercial lunar PLSS
EVA duration
N/A

"Modern lunar design explicitly built around mobility, fit range and maintainability lessons from legacy systems"

View Full Archive →
RU-001 IVA
SK-1 / SK-2 spacesuit photograph

SK-1 / SK-2

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1961–1963
Pressure
300 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Vehicle-supported open-loop + post-ejection oxygen
EVA duration
N/A

"Shows value of integrated survival architecture and the penalty of long-duration IVA wear in a rigidly seated posture"

View Full Archive →
RU-002 EVA

BERKUT

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1965
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Open-loop backpack KP-55 oxygen
EVA duration
N/A

"Pressurized mobility and re-entry-to-airlock recovery must be a top-level requirement, not an afterthought"

View Full Archive →
RU-005 EVA

KRECHET

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1967–1972
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained backpack + lunar interfaces
EVA duration
N/A

"Rear-entry and semi-rigid architecture remain highly relevant for surface systems and suitport concepts"

View Full Archive →
RU-007 IVA
Sokol KV-2 spacesuit photograph

Sokol KV-2

Roscosmos · Zvezda
1980–present
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Vehicle-supported open-loop
EVA duration
N/A

"Keep rescue-suit platforms on a managed block-upgrade path instead of deferring subsystem refresh for decades"

View Full Archive →
RU-010 EVA

Orlan-M

Roscosmos · Zvezda
1997–present
Pressure
5.8 psi / 40 kPa
System mass
238 lb
Life support
Self-contained 100% O2 — 7 hr
EVA duration
7 hours

"Orbital EVA systems must be treated as maintainable fleets, not isolated suits"

View Full Archive →
CN-001 IVA

Shenzhou IVA / Rescue Suit

CMSA / CNSA · CASC
2003–present
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Vehicle oxygen + emergency tanks
EVA duration
N/A

"Rescue suit discipline must be kept separate from EVA product line — do not overbuild IVA with EVA objectives"

View Full Archive →
CN-002 EVA

Feitian Gen-1

CMSA / CNSA · CASC
2008
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained EVA backpack oxygen
EVA duration
N/A

"Pragmatic dual-track approach — import to reduce mission risk while demonstrating domestic capability simultaneously"

View Full Archive →
CN-003 EVA

Feitian Gen-2 Tiangong

CMSA / CNSA · CASC
2021–present
Pressure
TBD
System mass
287 lb
Life support
Backpack PLSS — liquid cooling, oxygen, humidity, telemetry
EVA duration
7 hours

"Once a suit becomes a fleet asset, lifecycle economics and telemetry matter more than peak performance figures"

View Full Archive →
CN-004 EVA

Wangyu Lunar Suit

CMSA / CASC · CASC
2024–2030
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained lunar PLSS (details not public)
EVA duration
N/A

"Lunar suit must be treated as a new architecture branch — not an incremental Feitian derivative — due to dust, terrain and thermal differenc…"

View Full Archive →
ESA-001 EVA

EVA Suit 2000

ESA + Russian Space Agency · European industry + Russian heritage
1992–1995
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained EVA life support concept
EVA duration
N/A

"Europe proved the rear-entry rapid-donning concept works — but without a funded anchor mission the architecture never matured"

View Full Archive →
ESA-002 IVA

EuroSuit IVA Prototype

CNES + ESA · Spartan Space + MEDES + Decathlon
2024–present
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Vehicle-supported — spacecraft interfaces
EVA duration
N/A

"Non-traditional partners — sports equipment manufacturers, medical research institutes — can enter human spaceflight hardware through IVA ra…"

View Full Archive →