| Pressure | 3.7 psi / 25.5 kPa |
| Suit mass (1g) | 201 lb (system) |
| Life support (primary) | PLSS-6 nominal 6 hr |
| Life support (backup) | OPS 30 min |
| EVA duration | 6 hours |
| Program | Apollo |
| Agency | NASA |
| Manufacturer | ILC Industries + Hamilton Standard |
| First use | 1969 |
| Status | Retired |
| Donning / entry | Custom-fitted mid-entry configuration |
Mature lunar visor/thermal stack; improved PLSS-6; LCG; autonomous backpack
Apollo 11–14 lunar EVA
Spring-back too high for ideal exploration; hydration interface dust contamination risk
"Lunar EVA required not just survival but sustained human work capability"
Direct benchmark for lunar-surface productivity — Artemis programs reference this extensively
Severe discomfort nicknamed 'crotch cutter' — fit and pressure-load path geometry produced painful localized loading
→ Localized contact loads can kill an otherwise promising concept. Pressure mapping and seat-interface studies are required
Unexpected arm growth when shoulder restraint cable failed; seized pulley caused overheating in crotch-thigh region
→ Critical restraint paths need redundancy or condition monitoring. Small mechanical hardware in pressure-load paths creates outsized crew risk
"Even a simple IVA suit needs water survival and cockpit visibility contingencies"
"Suit performance cannot be separated from translation aids and workload planning"
"Endurance and traversal demands exposed the need for mobility, dust robustness, and rover integration"
