RU-002 EVA

BERKUT

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1965
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Open-loop backpack KP-55 oxygen
EVA duration
N/A

"Pressurized mobility and re-entry-to-airlock recovery must be a top-level requirement, not an afterthought"

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RU-005 EVA

KRECHET

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1967–1972
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained backpack + lunar interfaces
EVA duration
N/A

"Rear-entry and semi-rigid architecture remain highly relevant for surface systems and suitport concepts"

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VAR-012 EVA
Shuttle Baseline EMU spacesuit photograph

Shuttle Baseline EMU

NASA · Hamilton Standard + ILC
1976–2002
Pressure
4.3 psi / 29.6 kPa
System mass
254 lb (system)
Life support
PLSS nominal 8 hr
EVA duration
8 hours

"Dedicated EVA architecture dramatically improved work efficiency vs IEVA"

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ESA-001 EVA

EVA Suit 2000

ESA + Russian Space Agency · European industry + Russian heritage
1992–1995
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained EVA life support concept
EVA duration
N/A

"Europe proved the rear-entry rapid-donning concept works — but without a funded anchor mission the architecture never matured"

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RU-010 EVA

Orlan-M

Roscosmos · Zvezda
1997–present
Pressure
5.8 psi / 40 kPa
System mass
238 lb
Life support
Self-contained 100% O2 — 7 hr
EVA duration
7 hours

"Orbital EVA systems must be treated as maintainable fleets, not isolated suits"

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VAR-015 EVA

Enhanced EMU

NASA · Hamilton Sundstrand + ILC
1990–present
Pressure
4.3 psi / 29.6 kPa
System mass
309 lb (system)
Life support
PLSS 8 hr; regenerative CO2 removal
EVA duration
8 hours

"Long-life EVA programs shift from design problems to sustainment, anomaly and industrial-base problems"

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CN-002 EVA

Feitian Gen-1

CMSA / CNSA · CASC
2008
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained EVA backpack oxygen
EVA duration
N/A

"Pragmatic dual-track approach — import to reduce mission risk while demonstrating domestic capability simultaneously"

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VAR-017 EVA
xEMU spacesuit photograph

xEMU

NASA · NASA in-house design
2019–2022
Pressure
8.2 psi / 56.5 kPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained advanced PLSS concept
EVA duration
8 hours

"Exploration programs need firm mass control and stable mission assumptions before subsystem elaboration begins"

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CN-003 EVA

Feitian Gen-2 Tiangong

CMSA / CNSA · CASC
2021–present
Pressure
TBD
System mass
287 lb
Life support
Backpack PLSS — liquid cooling, oxygen, humidity, telemetry
EVA duration
7 hours

"Once a suit becomes a fleet asset, lifecycle economics and telemetry matter more than peak performance figures"

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VAR-018 EVA
AxEMU spacesuit photograph

AxEMU

NASA + Axiom Space · Axiom Space
2022–
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Commercial lunar PLSS
EVA duration
N/A

"Modern lunar design explicitly built around mobility, fit range and maintainability lessons from legacy systems"

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CN-004 EVA

Wangyu Lunar Suit

CMSA / CASC · CASC
2024–2030
Pressure
TBD
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained lunar PLSS (details not public)
EVA duration
N/A

"Lunar suit must be treated as a new architecture branch — not an incremental Feitian derivative — due to dust, terrain and thermal differenc…"

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