| Pressure | 5.8 psi / 40 kPa |
| Suit mass (1g) | 238 lb |
| Life support (primary) | Self-contained 100% O2 — 7 hr |
| Life support (backup) | Integrated reserve / vehicle procedures |
| EVA duration | 7 hours |
| Program | Mir / ISS |
| Agency | Roscosmos |
| Manufacturer | Zvezda |
| First use | 1997 |
| Status | Active lineage |
| Donning / entry | Semi-rigid rear-entry integrated body/helmet; on-board drying and recharge ecosystem |
Higher pressure reduces prebreathe burden; comparison with DMA shows HUT/backpack evolution; BSS station interfaces
Station EVA — Russian ISS segment operations
Storage/humidity control; consumables; refurbishment cadence; interface non-trivial with US segment
"Orbital EVA systems must be treated as maintainable fleets, not isolated suits"
Still operating on ISS. Fleet-maintenance lessons directly inform all next-generation EVA design
Repeated orbital use shifted primary risk toward maintenance, drying, recharge, and replaceable component management
→ Not all critical failures are dramatic punctures. Slow fleet degradation from poor maintenance design matters as much as acute failures
"Shows value of integrated survival architecture and the penalty of long-duration IVA wear in a rigidly seated posture"
"Pressurized mobility and re-entry-to-airlock recovery must be a top-level requirement, not an afterthought"
"Rear-entry and semi-rigid architecture remain highly relevant for surface systems and suitport concepts"
