// RU-001 · Soviet / Russia

SK-1 / SK-2

Zvezda · 1961–1963
IVA Retired
SK-1 / SK-2 spacesuit

Technical Specifications

Pressure300 hPa
Suit mass (1g)TBD
Life support (primary)Vehicle-supported open-loop + post-ejection oxygen
Life support (backup)Emergency oxygen
EVA durationN/A
ProgramVostok
AgencySoviet Space Program
ManufacturerZvezda
First use1961
StatusRetired
Donning / entrySoft full-pressure, custom fitted

Engineering Analysis

Key Subsystem Architecture

Maskless ventilation; automatic visor closure; flotation collar; integrated ejection/landing logic

Mission Role

Vostok crew rescue — nominal IVA

Limitations & Failures

Long seated wear uncomfortable; waste-handling awkward; appendix tie-off burden

Program Lesson
"Shows value of integrated survival architecture and the penalty of long-duration IVA wear in a rigidly seated posture"
Future Relevance

Gagarin's suit. SK-2 adapted for Tereshkova — gender-inclusive sizing must be day-one, not an afterthought

// Related Suits

Same Program Family

RU-002 EVA

BERKUT

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1965
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Open-loop backpack KP-55 oxygen
EVA duration
N/A

"Pressurized mobility and re-entry-to-airlock recovery must be a top-level requirement, not an afterthought"

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RU-005 EVA

KRECHET

Soviet Space Program · Zvezda
1967–1972
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Self-contained backpack + lunar interfaces
EVA duration
N/A

"Rear-entry and semi-rigid architecture remain highly relevant for surface systems and suitport concepts"

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RU-007 IVA
Sokol KV-2 spacesuit photograph

Sokol KV-2

Roscosmos · Zvezda
1980–present
Pressure
400 hPa
System mass
TBD
Life support
Vehicle-supported open-loop
EVA duration
N/A

"Keep rescue-suit platforms on a managed block-upgrade path instead of deferring subsystem refresh for decades"

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