| Pressure | 3.7 psi / 25.5 kPa |
| Suit mass (1g) | 212 lb (system) |
| Life support (primary) | PLSS-7 nominal 7 hr |
| Life support (backup) | OPS 30 min |
| EVA duration | 7 hours |
| Program | Apollo |
| Agency | NASA |
| Manufacturer | ILC Industries + Hamilton Standard |
| First use | 1971 |
| Status | Retired |
| Donning / entry | Improved mobility and consumables for extended traverses |
Extended EVA duration; rover compatibility; improved hip/waist mobility for seated rover ops
Apollo 15–17 extended lunar EVA + lunar rover operations; ASTP derivative
Still custom, maintenance-intensive; cable/pulley restraint risks persisted
"Endurance and traversal demands exposed the need for mobility, dust robustness, and rover integration"
Strong analog for planetary EVA with surface transportation — directly relevant to Artemis rover plans
Severe discomfort nicknamed 'crotch cutter' — fit and pressure-load path geometry produced painful localized loading
→ Localized contact loads can kill an otherwise promising concept. Pressure mapping and seat-interface studies are required
Unexpected arm growth when shoulder restraint cable failed; seized pulley caused overheating in crotch-thigh region
→ Critical restraint paths need redundancy or condition monitoring. Small mechanical hardware in pressure-load paths creates outsized crew risk
"Even a simple IVA suit needs water survival and cockpit visibility contingencies"
"Suit performance cannot be separated from translation aids and workload planning"
"Lunar EVA required not just survival but sustained human work capability"
